Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Compare Alternative Definition of Marketing - 913 Words

1a. Marketing term appeared firstly in United State in the early 20th century and then spread to Europe and Asia. In the meantime, there are many definitions of Marketing given by leading organisations and experts in the fields of economy such as: Kotler, CIM, AMA†¦ - Definition of Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM): â€Å"Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying , anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably†. - Definition of Philip Kotler: â€Å"Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others†. - Definition of American Marketing Association (AMA):†¦show more content†¦And the way they focus on customers is meeting the customer requirements. By different way, Philip Kotler orientates marketing associated with customer’s needs and wants. The most important thing to assess effectiveness of marketing is not how to sell more goods, which is how to satisfy customer needs and create a relationship not easily changed. According to Kotler, the relationship with customers is a major factor in the success of the company. And value of customers is the most importance. However, according to AMA, marketing is one of the factors which create exchanges. In many ways, this definition has been given in detail of the fundamental nature of marketing. First, to clarify what is exchanged is not limited to tangible products (goods) but it also includes ideas are formed, the services are provided. In the view of the AMA, the customer is not limited to individuals that includes the organization. According to AMA, the exchange is most important. The more various exchange, more and more products consumed, the bigger profit the companies earn. Not a management process, not a social process that marketing is the process of market research to provide the best strategy for companies. Making the exchange more development means that marketing strategies of company more successful. Summary,Show MoreRelatedNike Markeing1333 Words   |  6 PagesProgramme: Business Management Module 1: Marketing Assignment [pic] Date for Submission: 15th September 2010 To achieve a pass in this unit the learner must: LO1: Investigate the concept and process of marketing LO2: Explore the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning LO3: Identify and analyse the individual elements of the extended marketing mix LO4: Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts Context TheRead MoreOrganization Marketing Process1209 Words   |  5 PagesManagement | SUBJECT CODE amp; TITLE | : | MCG 202 / Marketing | ASSIGNMENT TITLE | : | Applying marketing concepts and theories for organizations | Summary of the Learning Outcomes covered: 1. Investigate the concept and process of marketing 2. Explore the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Identify and analyze the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts ASSIGNMENT TYPE | : | IndividualRead MoreOrganization Marketing Process1196 Words   |  5 Pages SUBJECT CODE amp; TITLE | : | MCG 202 / Marketing | ASSIGNMENT TITLE | : | Applying marketing concepts and theories for organizations | Summary of the Learning Outcomes covered: 1. Investigate the concept and process of marketing 2. Explore the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Identify and analyze the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts ASSIGNMENT TYPE |Read MoreCommodity School1154 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Theory Commodity School 01.11.2012 [Åžirket adÄ ±nÄ ± yazÄ ±n] Bahcesehir University, MA Marketing What is commodity school and what are strengths and weaknesses of that thought? Marketing theory has been discussed over years. Many theorists had tried to explain marketing thought since it was a separate field apart from economics. In order to indicate progress of the theory; Sheth, Gardner and Garret in the book of Marketing Theory Evolution and Evaluation compiled all schools of marketingRead MoreGuidelines for Writing the Case Study1747 Words   |  7 Pageslater. This is what will drive the remainder of your case analysis. Don’t forget—case analysis is all about identifying a problem and developing a solution. This section should take no more than 30% of your total writing time. Section II: Problem Definition A. Name immediate issues and define them in a way that calls for action-oriented answers. Be sure to identify problems not symptoms. 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Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Stamp Act that Led to the American Revolution Essay

The massive debt of the French and Indian war was a very big struggle for Great Britain and the massive debt will start the revolutionary war. The massive debt happened right after the French and Indian war. Great Britain was 122 million pounds in debt. That is why they tried to tax the colonies. The taxes were called acts. This payed off part of the debt but the taxing didnt come to a pleasant end for Great Britain. One of the acts was the stamp act. This was a way to force the colonies to help pay off the war debt. The British pushed the Stamp Act through Parliament in March 1765. This act required Americans to buy paper, newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents such as wills and a marriage license strictly from†¦show more content†¦This made the colonists get very angry that they had to take care of more people that they didnt even know! This was madness. The proclamation line came into play in 1763 right after the French and Indian War ended. The British had to rep ay the Native Americans who helped them during the war. So, the Proclamation of 1763 gave the land between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains to the Native Americans that helped the English during the war (doc 5). The Proclamation Line was the western border of the English colonies. Unfortunately, some colonists already lived past the proclamation line and the colonists didnt want to go back to the squished colonies. Also, the border was so long that it was very hard for the English to enforce. Thats why Great Britain passed the quartering act. This made the colonists feel like they were being spied on by the British. After about 4 years the Townshend acts were passed. The Townshend acts were originated by Charles Townshend. They were meant to add even more taxes on all imported goods, which makes everything almost double the original price. Great Britain needed to pass this act because they still had so much of the debt to pay ofF. This was a huge financial burden for the colonists. There were many violent protests.This act eventually led to the Boston tea party. The Boston tea party was when a group of colonists dressed up as native Americans they boarded aShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreAmerican Revolution Accelerated evolution vs Cataclysmic revolution1624 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The American Revolution was an accelerated evolution rather than a cataclysmic revolution to a certain point. An accelerated evolution is a rapid process of growth and change, while a cataclysmic revolution is a sudden and violent event that brings great changes. 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After years of disagreement on how Britain should rule the American colonies, the colonists declared their independence and sparked a revolution. By the late 1600s, England pushed to strengthen their control over the existing American colonies by enforcing mercantilismRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Reasons Behind The Writing Of The Declaration Of Independence896 Words   |  4 Pagesof Independence There were several events that led up to the writing and publication of the Declaration of Independence. The colonists did not understand why they were being taxed on items such as stamps and tea which was extremely essential to the colonists at this time. The phrase â€Å"taxation without representation† was used by the colonists to show their outrage with these taxes from England. They set out to rebel and started the American Revolution. Thomas Paine contributed to the colonists’ views

Monday, December 9, 2019

Greece and Persia Essay free essay sample

Although these great nations differed greatly, they still had various similarities; of the similarities the two empires shared were their very strong and powerful military forces. The Persians and Greeks built two of the most successful and prosperous nations in history. The Persians and Greeks built two of the most successful and prosperous nations the world has ever known. Ancient Greece may have been very great and powerful but it wasn’t able to be unified. City-states fought each other frequently, unlike Persia which was a much unified empire. Persia is known to own the title of the largest empire that has ever existed, because they were unified it helped them become strong and powerful, ergo to the fact of them being a great empire. Grecian city-states weren’t able to maintain unity in their nation because they kept fighting. The city-states had many issues with one another but they had to unite to fight off the Persians because the Persians were double their size. We will write a custom essay sample on Greece and Persia Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other than being unified, ancient Greece and Persia also differed in their political systems. Greece had several political systems because each city state had a different political system of their own. Majority of the Greek governments were  monarchies,  oligarchies, tyrannies  and  democracies. In Persia the political system was based on one’s freedom. The rulers of Persia were Zoroastrians; they practiced religious toleration and helped rebuild the temples of foreign religions with money and official permissions. For example when King Cyrus freed the Jews and gave them official permission to rebuild the Temple of Solomon. The two nations saw their way of government in different perspectives. Military force may have been the most similar aspect of Ancient Greece and Persia. Greece consisted of several city states, some like Sparta who had more power than the rest of the city-states; Spartan men began their military training at the young age of 7. Greece had many great leaders who helped them achieve greatness like Alexander the Great. The Persian Empire was known for its military superiority as well. The Persians had bodyguards known as â€Å"The immortals. † From time to time, the two nations clashed, such as the Battle of Thermopylae, where all the Greek soldiers fought to the end. The two nation’s military forces were much far powerful and strong compared to other nations during this time period. The ancient world had faced many great battles but battles of ancient Greece and the Persian Empire were amongst the most important. The differences in their political systems and their ability to be unified are very amazing. The similarity between their military forces shows how much their system worked making them successful nations. These wars lasted for twenty years, the Greeks won with the leadership of Alexander the Great, and the Persians never fought the Greeks again.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Summary of the article Three Kinds of Ethics for Three Kinds of Engineering

Summary of the article Mariarty (2001) main thesis is that modern-day engineers need to move beyond know what or know how, and embrace know-why. Contemporary engineering must be governed by three types of ethics that emerge from different eras of engineering: virtue ethics, conceptual ethics and material ethics. The latter are synonymous with traditional engineering, modernist engineering and focal engineering, respectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the article Three Kinds of Ethics for Three Kinds of Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author starts with a description of the earliest form of engineering, which was traditional engineering. At the time, engineers lacked a central scientific method with which to carry out their work. Therefore, most of them depended upon their intuition and experience. Since they worked under autocratic leaders, they had little room to inquire into th e processes of production. They merely implemented what they were told using rough estimates. As a result, the actor was the most important component of the engineering process. This meant that ethical principles that governed a person’s character were the most appropriate. Virtue ethics stresses the importance of doing good. A person strives to be honest, caring and diligent in his or her method. Therefore, the traditional engineer compensated for the lack of scientific expertise using his character. Such a person was diligent, hardworking and even-tempered. This aspect of ethics is still applicable today as stakeholders still want to know about the actor. Know-what is still imperative in engineering practice. Modernist engineering was the next phase of development in the profession. This saw the birth of scientific processes in engineering. Stakeholders were not just concerned about the actor but now dwelt on the act. They moved from know-what to know-how. Analysis and synt hesis now became central elements of the engineering process. Therefore, the brand of ethics developed for this type of work was material ethics. Individuals developed ethical frameworks that would justify why it was necessary to do good. At the time, individuals such as Johns Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant came up with conceptual ethics. Mill was the father of utilitarianism, which stressed the need to maximise the overall good for the greatest number of people. Kant created the Categorical Imperative, which prompted people to act as though, if they were in the same position, they would do the same. Conceptual ethics is a brand that stemmed from technicism. Technicism is a school of thought which espouses that man should control his reality as he has the capacity to do so.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final phase of this profession was focal engineering. It dwells on things that enrich people’s life. There, the main concern is not just to produce, but to add value to people’s lives. At this point, the actor’s role seemed to subside and more emphasis was given to the product hence the need for material ethics. Material ethics asks questions regarding the effect of the product on the concerned stakeholders or environment. The focal engineer is one who looks at the reasons, purposes and causes behind certain things. He or she causes engagement between the user and product, harmony between the beneficiary and the world and harmony between the world and the products. It shifts away from know-how and know-what to know-why. Therefore, a focal engineer ought to be engaging and enlivening. For instance, the person would consider the effect of his actions on professionals other than engineers, such as architects or manufacturers. The author espouses that contemporary engineers are probably more of focal engineers than traditional or modernist eng ineers. Therefore, instead of just introducing new products, they ought to ask whether these products would enrich people’s lives or disengage them. Negotiations are a necessary aspect. Nonetheless Moriarty (2001) still believes that it is essential to merge all three brands of ethics in engineering practice as it entails input from these different schools. John Stuart on scientific management It is likely that Stuart would have supported Taylor’s theory of scientific management. At its heart, the management theory is a brand of technicism, which espouses the need for human beings to control their reality. Taylor believed that worker’s could be controlled in order to reap maximum benefit from them. This notion of controlling the world stemmed from the belief in the superiority and applicability of science in various aspects of life. 19th century thinking was grounded in this mind set. Technicism was propagated by the need to control the future, and allow for hum ans to have everything they wanted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the article Three Kinds of Ethics for Three Kinds of Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main aim of technicism was to guarantee material progress by solving problems. In this school of thought, it is presumed that all problems have a solution. John Stuart Mill and Taylor both held these world views. Therefore; one can state that to some extent, Mill would agree with Taylor’s views on the same. John Stuart Mill’s theory of utilitarianism advocated for the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Taylor’s theory of scientific management aimed at increasing the greatest good for the greatest number of people in production. Taylor wanted to accommodate the aspirations and needs of all members of production. For instance, he wanted to meet managers’ needs by increasing productivity. Further more, he was interested in increasing profits for business owners. The theory was also intended in curbing labour unrest by meeting the needs of employees. Many of them were concerned about their inability to meet their basic needs. Consequently, Taylor’s scientific management would grant them the proper platform to achieve these aims. Although some unwanted intentions stemmed from Taylor’s suggestions, it is still laudable that he had such noble intentions. Since so many stakeholders were involved in production, scientific management accepted this fact, and tried to maximise their utility. In essence, Taylor was a utilitarian that would have garnered support from Stuart Mill. To further illustrate the above point, one only has to study the effects of some of these principles in the work process. Taylor (2010) sold his theory of scientific management to several firms. Some firms required frequent movement of materials between various work stations. Typical examples inc luded the automobile industry, textile industry and repair workshops. Managers in these businesses wanted to minimise bottlenecks and delays. Their main aim was to increase output as well as the rate of production. Taylor’s theory would provide them with a solution to achieve this aim. Additionally, some firms were struggling with the employee reforms. They wanted to provide their employees with the best working conditions as this would guarantee harmony and reduce attrition. Taylor’s theory held a lot of promise with regard to improvement of working conditions or the challenges of building social harmony. Taylor realised that every stakeholder in production is interested in preserving his well being. This was the reason why he used the analogy of the slow Dutchman. In this story, he believed that the worker needed an incentive to work for one company over its competitors.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By providing the worker with higher wages than competitors, a manager could meet the worker’s need as well as his own of maintaining consistent work. His theories were particularly useful at the time because some workers had the tendency to be overcome by greed if they found that they were to be compensated for any amount of time they put into their day. Taylor thus suggested tempering this greed with controlled periods of rest for employees. Some labourers would be unaware of their need for consistent rest and this would minimise their capacity to work the next day. Therefore, their interests would be covered in scientific management, and this would have won approval from Stuart Mill (Taylor, 2010). On the other hand, the theory had some dire consequences, which would have elicited disapproval from Stuart Mill. Contrary to Taylor’s expectation, his theory eventually led to speedups for most employees. Managers who implemented his theory started by streamlining product ion bottlenecks eventually increased working hours. This heightened fatigue and burn out among several workers. Additionally, some of them instated wage rate cuts in order to make their production processes more efficient. In addition to the above measures, scientific management eventually led to deskilling and the loss of jobs. Workers experienced most of the negative effects of the theory of scientific management. Since utilitarian principles espouse the greatest good for the greatest number of people, then it can be said that Taylor’s theory protected the interests of the minority (business owners and managers) but trampled the needs of majority who are the employees. In this regard, John Mill would have disapproved of the theory. References Moriarty, G. (2001). ‘Three kinds of ethics for three kinds of engineering.’ IEEE technology and Society Magazine, 31-39. Taylor, F. (2010). The principles of scientific management. London: Penguin This essay on Summary of the article Three Kinds of Ethics for Three Kinds of Engineering was written and submitted by user Tanner H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.